Ubuntu Static Network 설정과 온라인 패키지 검색

음..오랬동안 레드햇 계열 리눅스만 써왔던터러 여러가지 스크립트며 설정파일에 대한 부분이 아직은 익숙하지는 않은데 뭐..별다를게 있겠습니까. 시간이 지나면 익숙해 지겠지요.정말 놀라운 것은 문서화가 잘되어 있다는 점도 일단은 마음에 들고 하나둘씩 중요한 것들 정리해 나가면 레드햇 계열처럼 익숙해 지겠죠 .. 

1. eth0에 대한 장치정의 

일단 우분투의 네트워크 인터페이스 스크립트 파일은 /etc/network/interfaces 파일을 

편집해야 하죠

== eth0 Static IP Addre Configuration ==   auto eth0  iface eth0 inet static  address 192.168.1.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  gateway 192.168.1.254  dns-nameservers XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX  == eth0 DHCP IP Address Configuration ==   auto eth0   iface eth0 inet dhp

위와 같이 설정한 후에 네트워크를 내렸다가 다시 올리는 방식으로 재기동 해주면 되는군요 

# /etc/init.d/networking restart

2. How to Set up Interfaces 

우분투 리눅스의 네트워크 인터페이스에 대한 정의에 대한 파일을 확인해볼 필요도 있을듯 합니다. 
스크립트 파일은 /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples 파일이 있으며 network-interfaces.gz 파일을 압축을 해제하면 아래와 같은 network interfaces에 대한 구성 예배파일이 나옵니다. 참고해 보시죠 

######################################################################

# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)

#

# A "#" character in the very first column makes the rest of the line

# be ignored. Blank lines are ignored. Lines may be indented freely.

# A "\" character at the very end of the line indicates the next line

# should be treated as a continuation of the current one.

#

# The "pre-up", "up", "down" and "post-down" options are valid for all

# interfaces, and may be specified multiple times. All other options

# may only be specified once.

#

# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are

# available.

######################################################################

# We always want the loopback interface.

#

# auto lo

# iface lo inet loopback

# An example ethernet card setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)

#

# auto eth0

# iface eth0 inet static

#     address 192.168.0.42

#     network 192.168.0.0

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     broadcast 192.168.0.255

#     gateway 192.168.0.1

# A more complicated ethernet setup, with a less common netmask, and a downright

# weird broadcast address: (the "up" lines are executed verbatim when the

# interface is brought up, the "down" lines when it's brought down)

#

# auto eth0

# iface eth0 inet static

#     address 192.168.1.42

#     network 192.168.1.0

#     netmask 255.255.255.128

#     broadcast 192.168.1.0

#     up route add -net 192.168.1.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 gw 192.168.1.2

#     up route add default gw 192.168.1.200

#     down route del default gw 192.168.1.200

#     down route del -net 192.168.1.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 gw 192.168.1.2

# A more complicated ethernet setup with a single ethernet card with

# two interfaces.

# Note: This happens to work since ifconfig handles it that way, not because

# ifup/down handles the ':' any differently.

# Warning: There is a known bug if you do this, since the state will not

# be properly defined if you try to 'ifdown eth0' when both interfaces

# are up. The ifconfig program will not remove eth0 but it will be

# removed from the interfaces state so you will see it up until you execute:

# 'ifdown eth0:1 ; ifup eth0; ifdown eth0'

# BTW, this is "bug" #193679 (it's not really a bug, it's more of a

# limitation)

#

# auto eth0 eth0:1

# iface eth0 inet static

#     address 192.168.0.100

#     network 192.168.0.0

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     broadcast 192.168.0.255

#     gateway 192.168.0.1

# iface eth0:1 inet static

#     address 192.168.0.200

#     network 192.168.0.0

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

# "pre-up" and "post-down" commands are also available. In addition, the

# exit status of these commands are checked, and if any fail, configuration

# (or deconfiguration) is aborted. So:

#

# auto eth0

# iface eth0 inet dhcp

#     pre-up [ -f /etc/network/local-network-ok ]

#

# will allow you to only have eth0 brought up when the file

# /etc/network/local-network-ok exists.

# Two ethernet interfaces, one connected to a trusted LAN, the other to

# the untrusted Internet. If their MAC addresses get swapped (because an

# updated kernel uses a different order when probing for network cards,

# say), then they don't get brought up at all.

#

# auto eth0 eth1

# iface eth0 inet static

#     address 192.168.42.1

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     pre-up /path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth0 11:22:33:44:55:66

#     pre-up /usr/local/sbin/enable-masq

# iface eth1 inet dhcp

#     pre-up /path/to/check-mac-address.sh eth1 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

#     pre-up /usr/local/sbin/firewall

# Two ethernet interfaces, one connected to a trusted LAN, the other to

# the untrusted Internet, identified by MAC address rather than interface

# name:

#

# auto eth0 eth1

# mapping eth0 eth1

#     script /path/to/get-mac-address.sh

#     map 11:22:33:44:55:66 lan

#     map AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF internet

# iface lan inet static

#     address 192.168.42.1

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     pre-up /usr/local/sbin/enable-masq $IFACE

# iface internet inet dhcp

#     pre-up /usr/local/sbin/firewall $IFACE

# A PCMCIA interface for a laptop that is used in different locations:

# (note the lack of an "auto" line for any of these)

#

# mapping eth0

#    script /path/to/pcmcia-compat.sh

#    map home,*,*,*                  home

#    map work,*,*,00:11:22:33:44:55  work-wireless

#    map work,*,*,01:12:23:34:45:50  work-static

#

# iface home inet dhcp

# iface work-wireless bootp

# iface work-static static

#     address 10.15.43.23

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     gateway 10.15.43.1

#

# Note, this won't work unless you specifically change the file

# /etc/pcmcia/network to look more like:

#

#     if [ -r ./shared ] ; then . ./shared ; else . /etc/pcmcia/shared ; fi

#     get_info $DEVICE

#     case "$ACTION" in

#         'start')

#             /sbin/ifup $DEVICE

#             ;;

#         'stop')

#             /sbin/ifdown $DEVICE

#             ;;

#     esac

#     exit 0

# An alternate way of doing the same thing: (in this case identifying

# where the laptop is is done by configuring the interface as various

# options, and seeing if a computer that is known to be on each particular

# network will respond to pings. The various numbers here need to be chosen

# with a great deal of care.)

#

# mapping eth0

#    script /path/to/ping-places.sh

#    map 192.168.42.254/24 192.168.42.1 home

#    map 10.15.43.254/24 10.15.43.1 work-wireless

#    map 10.15.43.23/24 10.15.43.1 work-static

#

# iface home inet dhcp

# iface work-wireless bootp

# iface work-static static

#     address 10.15.43.23

#     netmask 255.255.255.0

#     gateway 10.15.43.1

#

# Note that the ping-places script requires the iproute package installed,

# and the same changes to /etc/pcmcia/network are required for this as for

# the previous example.

# Set up an interface to read all the traffic on the network. This

# configuration can be useful to setup Network Intrusion Detection

# sensors in 'stealth'-type configuration. This prevents the NIDS

# system to be a direct target in a hostile network since they have

# no IP address on the network. Notice, however, that there have been

# known bugs over time in sensors part of NIDS (for example see

# DSA-297 related to Snort) and remote buffer overflows might even be

# triggered by network packet processing.

#

# auto eth0

# iface eth0 inet manual

# up ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up

#       up ip link set $IFACE promisc on

#       down ip link set $IFACE promisc off

#       down ifconfig $IFACE down

# Set up an interface which will not be allocated an IP address by

# ifupdown but will be configured through external programs. This

# can be useful to setup interfaces configured through other programs,

# like, for example, PPPOE scripts.

#

# auto eth0

# iface eth0 inet manual

#       up ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up

#       up /usr/local/bin/myconfigscript

#       down ifconfig $IFACE down

3. 온라인 패키지 검색

일반적으로 레드햇 계열의 리눅스 운영체제에서는 yum search 기능을 많이 쓰고는 했는데 데비안
계열인 우분투에서는 다음과 같은 명령어를 날리면 아름답게 deb 패키지를 검색해 오네요.우분투 
업무 시스템을 운영하는 운영자 입장에서는 아~~~~주 유용할듯..

# apt-cache [Package Name]